Geocodes for the municipalities

Not only the central administration entities province (changwat), district (amphoe) and subdistrict (tambon) have geocodes, but also the local administration at municipal (thesaban) level. In 2006 I had first noticed these geocodes. I was then googeling to find anything about the town subdivision chumchon, and as already mentioned I found a set of Excel sheets at the Office of Narcotics Control Board, sadly no longer accessible. These had the villages (muban) and chumchon for all provinces (except Phayao, which for unknown reason was missing). And these lists included the geocodes, including for the towns. While the districts start with 01 and then increasing, for example Amphoe Mueang Surat Thani has the 8401assigned to it; the towns start at 99 and then decreasing. So the city of Surat Thani is 8499, Na San is 8498, Tha Kham 8497 and so on.

The geocode list of the Department of Provincial Administration (DOPA) does not include them however, but in DOPA's population statistics which include the municipal areas these are sorted in exactly the same order as in those Excel sheets. It seems there is no official list online giving the whole of these geocodes. This is really needed, as the Excel sheets omitted a few municipalities and their number, I could only guess the right numbers from the order in the population statistics. Also, Phayao is completely missing, and in Nonthaburi the sheets contained 4 geocodes for the city Nonthaburi itself. It would be great if DOPA would put all geocodes into their ccaatt list, including all obsolete former ones.

The ordering of the codes to the towns seem to be mostly by age, with the provincial capital always having the 99. But as most of the municipalities were created in 1999, when the sanitary districts were all upgraded to subdistrict municipalities, the codes for these entities have a different order - these are ordered by the district where they are located, so the former sanitary districts in the Mueang district come first after the municipalities already existing in 1999. And of course the municipalities created after 1999 are given the highest still free number. In Nakhon Ratchasima, which has the highest number of municipalities, this already goes down till 3051.

The geocodes for the municipalities must have been introduced after 1993, because there are no holes in the codes for Prachinburi or Ubon Ratchathani belonging to any municipalities in the newly created provinces of that year, unlike the district geocode list.

New municipality announced

Today the Royal Gazette published the announcement of the upgrade of TAO Kut Nok Plao to a subdistrict municipality (thesaban tambon) (เทศบาลตำบลกุดนกเปล้า). The new municipality is located in Mueang Saraburi district, Sara Buri province. The announcement was made in Volume 125, issue พิเศษ 21 ง, page 22, published on January 30 2008. It was signed and approved on July 12 2007 already, and took effect on July 19 2007.

The article on the Mueang district in the Thai Wikipedia already contained this new municipality, but also Takut (ตะกุด), which seems to be pending the announcement as well. I guess thesaban announcements will become a regular topic for the next time, the previous one was just one week ago, and if I am not mistaken there are quite a lot municipalities pending announcement.

Constituencies for the 2007 election

Earlier I already described the constituency system for the general elections held on December 23 last year. Thanks to a fellow Wikipedian I have now found the announcement in the Royal Gazette defining the boundaries of the 157 constituencies.

The constituencies are based on the provincial subdivision, there is no constituency which covers area from more than one province. 31 provinces have just a single constituency, of which four (Ranong, Samut Songkhram, Singburi and Trat) elected a single MP, 10 sent two MPs and the other 17 the maximum number of three MPs. The remaining 45 provinces are subdivided into more than one constituency, the maximum of 12 constituencies is of course in the most populous province Bangkok. In most cases the constituencies only contain complete districts, just in Chon Buri, Nonthaburi, Surat Thani, Nakhon Phanom, Chachoengsao, Pattani and Rayong it goes down to subdistrict level. Adam Carr already has put maps which all the constituencies on his election archive website.

As usual I have compiled the data into a XML. Anyone who want to add the full results and candidates of the election and the by-elections after the red and yellow cards in that XML? Sadly there does not seem a single such announcement for the earlier elections, so I'd need some help to create a similar XML for the earlier general elections.

French-Thai friendship treaty of 1941

I have bought an interesting antiquarian book, the German translation of the autobiography of Direck Jayanama (ดิเรก ชัยนาม, 1905-1967), who was Thai foreign minister and ambassador in Japan during World War II. It will be interesting to read a first-hand report on what happened in the Thai government at that time. Already the first pages have some new facts for me, the English history books I read so far don't treat that time period in much detail.

Quite interesting is the radio address given by Prince Wanwaithayakorn (พระองค์วรรณฯ) on the treaty which regained Thailand the territory lost to French Indochina in 1903 - I blogged about the provinces on that territory before. I am trying to translate it into English from the German translation given in the book. A professional translator using the Thai original words could create a much better translation for sure, but as I cannot find any online I dare to present my own. If there's a transcript in Thai on the web somewhere I'd like to have the link to that as well.

Dear fellow Thai citizens,
the treaty between Thailand and France under mediation of Japan was signed on the afternoon today, at 16.00 local time in Tokyo or 14.00 in Bangkok. Thanks to the friendly support by the Japanese authorities I have the chance to talk to my fellow Thai citizens in this radio address. Since the Thai delegation, upon the strong wish of the government, the public and the prime minister, stays in Japan, it was extraordinarily impressed by the strong cooperation of the population. Since our arrival in Tokyo we work on making the talks a success and gain advantages for our fatherland - commemorating the deaths of the brace soldiers. The talks turned out to be very complicated, but thanks to the tireless mediation of the Japanese, who exemplarily lobby for peace and justice, all obstacles on the way to a successful completion could be cleared.
The text which we agreed upon will be issued in a common announcement, which the general secretary will read on the radio.
I will only report in summary on the territory which Thailand will receive back.

1. The territory which Thailand lost in the treaty of 1903 could regained completely. This is the land of Luang Prabang on the right river bank, the area of Champassak near Pakse and the area of Cambodia, which also got lost in the previously mentioned treaty.
2. The eastern provinces, which were lost in the treaty of 1906, wecould regain Sisophon and Battambang up to the shore of the Tonle Sap lake, Siem Reap and Angkor Wat however stay with France.
3. We could get another peace of Cambodia, the arc from Angkor Wat to the Mekong river south of Stung Treng.
4. The boundary is now formed by the deepest channel of the Mekong river, all islands the right side of the deepest channel now belong to Thailand.
   

France also wanted to receive benefit from the treaty, so we agreed that all French citizens will receive the same treatment as the Thai people in the territory gained, which will also be declared a military-free area. But also the French have to create a military-free area. This agreement is final, it is not possible to revert the agreement later on in any way. Guarantor of this treaty is Japan. By this agreement we hope to gain peace and stability. The Thai delegation was ready for an agreement for the common good. The agreement may bring East Asia peace and progress. The Japanese government as the mediator was strongly supporting the Thai side. The Thai delegation hereby wants to express its gratitude. We won't forget the generous welcome by the Japanese government, public and the journalists.

The terms of this treaty as written in the Tokya Gazette are also available online.

Update: The book has just been published in an English translation as well, titled "Thailand and World War II" by Silkworm Books.

Monthon Krung Thep around 1915

It seems like the division of the provinces Phra Nakhon and Thon Buri I suspected earlier are just a misunderstanding. I tried to search a lot in the Royal Gazette to find anything about these provinces, but found only very few announcements with any of these province names in their title. And there are many announcements for the same years which have just the two province names, which already made me doubt the existence of the 5 provinces. But I found one which looked like the creation of Thon Buri Nuea and Tai, but thanks to Khun Wisarut at the 2bangkok.com forum I now know it were just two police departments within the province Thon Buri.

But the searching for this announcement gave me several other interesting announcements which I did not find before - the rename of four districts in Thon Buri in 1916, the creation of 25 districts within Krung Thep in 1915, and finally also the creation of the provinces Phra Nakhon and Thon Buri in 1915, which also includes the reassign of Thanyaburi and Pathum Thani to Monthon Krung Kao (Ayutthaya), and the change from the word Mueang to Changwat for the provinces within the Monthon. However one announcement still escapes me - the rename of the province Nakhon Khuean Khan (นครเขื่อนขันธ์) to Phra Pradeang, which happened in June 1915.

New municipality announced

Yesterday the Royal Gazette published the announcement of the subdistrict municipality (thesaban tambon) Prasat Thong (เทศบาลตำบลปราสาททอง) in Bang Pa-In district, Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya province. The announcement was made in Volume 125, issue พิเศษ 16 ง, page 5, published on January 23 2008. It was signed and approved on November 28 2007, and interestingly already took effect on January 18 2007.

Amphoe in Monthon Krung Thep

When I found the Royal Gazette announcement about the districts in 1917, it sadly did not contain the Monthon Krung Thep, at that one at that time was not under the Ministry of the Interior but the Ministry of Urban Affairs. I now was googeling to identify the district which was renamed in 1911 from Doem Bang Kao to Ban Chian (it's Hankha in Chainat) together with the creation of the district Doem Bang, and nearly the only hit was this thread at the Thai webforum vcharkarn.com. It starts with exactly that list I was missing earlier, but as usual it adds something odd as well. It seems that there were more provinces than I knew before - both Phra Nakhon and Thonburi are split in several provinces, Phra Nakhon Nuea, Phra Nakhon Klang and Phra Nakhon Tai (northern, central and southern Phra Nakhon) and Thonburi Nuea and Thonburi Tai (northern and southern Thonburi). I have never heard about those before, I always thought there were just the two province Phra Nakhon and Thonburi until they were merged into Bangkok in 1971. And there are nearly no Google hits for these province names, and almost nothing in the Royal Gazette as well. Anyone know when these 5 provinces were created, and when they were merged into the two provinces?

The thread contains a lot more histories of other districts, have to look through it much more, and maybe I will find further previously unknown facts. But first I will update the XML with these district lists, should be ready shortly after this post.

amphoe.com is back

Amphoe.com is back online, the expired registration was renewed yesterday, though only for one year. I don't know if they noticed the expired domain themself, if it was my email or my blog which alerted the admin, or if it was someone else who noticed and contacted the person in charge, but that's not important. Just hope next year they will renew before the site gets disconnected.

Former municipal areas

While working through the gazette announcements on the municipal areas, including the sanitary districts (สุขาภิบาล, sukhaphiban), I have found a few instances where these areas were abolished again, or were merged into a neighboring area. The most notable of these mergers was of course the creation of the Bangkok Metropolis beginning in 1971, which composed the provinces of Thonburi and Phra Nakhon together with the cities Thonburi and Bangkok into a single entity, which is both a municipality and at provincial level.

12 sanitary districts were located within the territory now covered by the BMA, and were thus merged into the new metropolis: Min Buri, Bang Khen, Prawet, Lat Krabang, Nong Chok, Nong Khaem, Bang Kapi, Bang Khun Thian, Taling Chan, Rat Burana and Bang Khae.

There are 11 further sanitary districts no longer existing:

• Hot (ฮอด) in Chiang Mai province was a sanitary district from 1957-1964.
• Don Wai (ดอนหวาย) in Nakhon Pathom province was merged into Sam Phran in 1965, just one year after it was created.
• Non Sila (โนนศิลา) in Kalasin province, created in 1956, was abolished in 1968.
• Tha Pla (ท่าปลา) in Uttaradit province was originally created in 1957, abolished in 1970 and recreated in 1973.
• Bang Khu Lat (บางคูลัด) in Nonthaburi province was abolished in 1975, just two years after it was created.
• Sao Cha-ngok (สาวชะโงก) in Chachoengsao province was created 1965 and abolished in 1976.
• Ko Pha-Ngan (then spelled เกาะพงัน instead of เกาะพะงัน) in Surat Thani province was abolished in 1976 and recreated in 1990. It was originally created in 1973, when the sanitary district Ko Samui was split.
  
• In 1979 in Kanchanaburi province Si Sawat (ศรีสวัสดิ์) was abolished and Erawan (เอราวัณ) was created due to the construction of the Si Nakharin reservoir. Si Sawat was created in 1956.
  
• In 1984 the same happened with Sangkhlaburi (สังขละบุรี), also in Kanchanaburi province. A new sanitary district Wang Ka (วังกะ) was created near the Khao Laem dam. The original sanitary district was created in 1956.
  
• Wat Chalo (วัดชลอ) was created in 1957 and merged into Bang Kruai in 1994.
• Finally Chai Badan (ชัยบาดาล) in Lopburi province was the only sanitary district which was not upgraded to a thesaban tambon in 1999, and was instead abolished. It was created in 1956.
  

But these were not yet all municipal areas no longer existing - in the four provinces annexed from French Indochina during World War II one municipal area was set up as well, which of course ceased to exist when these areas were returned to France. This was the town (thesaban mueang) Phra Tabong (พระตะบอง), now known spelled as Battambang, which was created in 1942.

Mae Sai district office

The northernmost district office of Thailand is the one of Mae Sai district in Chiang Rai province. It is located about 1 kilometer from the boundary control point to Burma (Myanmar) on Thai highway 1. Nearly directly across the street is the municipal office, I already used the photo of that one earlier.



I noticed the office when we entered Mae Sai. My Thai family just wanted to do shopping in the markets, while I then went to see the temple Wat Phra That Doi Wao and also climbed up the staircase to the viewpoint. When leaving the town, we then stopped shortly so I could do these photos. And luckily there was more to see than just a standard district office building.



Next to the district office is a statue of a historic king or prince. Sadly I haven't written down the words on the statue foundation, so I can only guess how is honored there. One history of Mae Sai mentions a Phraya Khom Dam (พระยาขอมดำ), leader of Mueang Yom in the 11th century. As I actually cannot read that history yet, the assumption that it is him on that monument is just an "educated guess", as that name is mentioned so often and is the name with the highest title in that history. This figure is also featured in the seal of the municipality Mae Sai. If someone can translate that history for me - it'd make a great addition to the Wikipedia article on Mae Sai...



Something which caught me by surprise was the fact that there is also a City Pillar shrine (Lak Mueang) next by. Luckily they placed a small sign there which I noticed when jumping out of the car and walked to the district office. I knew before that there is at least one city pillar in a town which is not a provincial capital, Phra Pradaeng province was abolished in 1932, but of course the pillar stayed. However Mae Sai wasn't a province before, if I'm not totally wrong it wasn't even a Mueang before the province Chiang Rai was formally created in 1910. It'd be interesting to know how comes this town got a city pillar, and when.

Amphoe.com gone?

Looks like the admin of amphoe.com didn't do his homework again. Unlike last time the site is not hacked, now apparently the domain name has expired because someone forgot to extend the registration. I just hope it will not fall into the hand of one of these spammers who grab recently expired domains and use them to link to their crap, and of course that the old contents will come up again. Luckily I did mirror at least some of the pages last month, so I still have the basic district data to look up.

Changwat during World War II

Earlier to the spread of colonialism Siam claimed control over many areas beyond its current extend like all over the Malay peninsula or all of present day Laos and Cambodia, however at that time this control was quite different than in the modern nation-states. The outlying areas were semi-independent and quite often were under the control of several overlords, like Cambodia which was somewhat shared between Siam and Vietnam. A great book on this evolution of the Thai territory is Siam Mapped: A History of the Geobody of a Nation by Thongchai Winichakul.

The last territory losses were in 1904 the area west of the Mekong next to Nan Province and near Champassak, and in 1907 the whole western part of modern day Cambodia, which all had to be ceded to French Indochina. And finally in 1909 several Malay states had to be ceded to the British, only Satun and Pattani staying with Siam. The fact that Pattani stayed with Siam despite its Malay roots still has its effects today with the ongoing insurgency there.

These latest territory losses were considered a blow to the national pride, so the nationalistic regime of Field Marshall Phibun Songkhram took the chance of regaining these areas during World War II. With approval of the Japanese, who were both an ally as well as the occupying force of Siam during that time, Siam took advantage of the defeat of the French in Europe and made the territory lost in 1907 a part of the country again. Vichy France, which formally kept control over French Indochina, had no choice but to approve this territory change. The newly won area was then subdivided it into 4 provinces - Lan Chang (ลานช้าง) in the north, and in Cambodia from west to east Phra Tabong (now Battambang, พระตะบอง), Phibun Songkhram (now Siem Reap, พิบูลสงคราม) and Nakhon Champassak (นครจำปาศักดิ์, the northern parts are now part of Laos). For these four provinces I could find announcements in Royal Gazette about the subdivision in Amphoe. I am not sure if the government reached a similar state of annexion for the northern Malay states and the Shan State, which were also given to Thai control by the Japanese - I haven't found anything in the Royal Gazette yet about province or districts in these areas. After the defeat of Japan all these territory changes were undone.

A discussion at pantip.com gives the whole source texts of the relevant Royal Gazette announcements, but what is said in the many other contributions there is sadly beyond my reading ability yet.

Town subdivisions

Something I haven't found any information about in English are the subdivisions of the municipalities (thesaban). It seems like every municipality is subdivided into entities named chumchon (ชุมชน), which translates to "communities". Big cities have up to 100 of these, while the small thesaban tambon usually only have just one or two. These entities are apparently at a similar level as the villages (muban). Sadly the nearly complete lists of these (and the muban) in excel sheets I found at oncb.go.th are no longer accessible, so there seems to be no online resource listing them anymore. Any information on the tasks, history and so on of these is very welcome.

At least Chiang Mai has another subdivision above the communities - a map at the city website shows four "wards" (khwaeng, แขวง). Oddly the geocode list at DOPA lists only three of the four, but also list a single ward for Nonthaburi. These are probably not the same kind of entity as the subdistricts in Bangkok, which are also named kwaeng. Again I have no ideas on the function of those.

Thai Wikipedia now has articles on all districts

The Thai wikipedia now has an article on every district as well, the last weeks several Wikipedians started to create these articles, after many months of only an occasional new article. If I recall correctly the first such articles were created by myself in end of 2005, but only containing tables and other things which don't really need any knowledge in Thai language to create.

The last district article now created was on Phon Na Kaeo district in Sakon Nakhon.[1] There are now only very few district articles left which haven't yet been converted into the standard basic outline with infobox, list of subdistricts, municipalities and TAO, and neighboring districts.

On the English Wikipedia a fellow Wikipedian and myself worked hard during last winter, and reached this state on April 9 2007. The first district article created by me there was on Chaiya back in February 2004, but I am not sure if that really was the first ever such article.

Bangkok Noi district office

The district offices in Bangkok are normal office buildings, and don't look like the district offices of the other provinces, quite clear because the land prices in Bangkok are much higher and thus the building style has to be more space-saving. Also, as the districts of Bangkok are a different administrative entity, the offices also have a different name, สำนักงานเขต, Samnak Ngan Khet.



The district office of Bangkok Noi is the closest one to the place we usually stay when we are in Bangkok, at least for a farang still in walking distance. It is located directly next to the Khlong Bangkok Noi, once a meander of the Chao Phraya river reduced to a canal when the main course of the river was changed by digging shortcuts. Nearby the district office is Wat Suwannaram Ratchaworawihan, once an important temple. It was used as the royal cremation site in the beginning times of the Rattanakosin era, and the actual location of the crematorium is now the location of the district office. The temple is famous for its murals, however the two bot/viharn were both closed, so I could not take a look. At least from the outside they also look like in need of a renovation.



Adjoing the temple is the Suwannaram Witthayakhom school, where one room was converted into a museum of the district, part of a program by the Bangkok Metropolitan Administration to have a local museum for every district. The signs within the museum are bilingual, but sadly none of the guides could speak English at the time I visited, so I could only get the written information. I have to revisit it, last time I did not take photos of it. Tour-bangkok-Legacies has a review on this museum, together with a map how to find it.

Statoids.com

Gwillim Law is maintaining an impressive website, where he collects data on the administrative subdivisions of countries. As these have many different names - states, counties, provinces, districts etc. - he coined the collective term "statoids" for these entities. Originally the website was only supposed to display the errata and updates for his book Administrative Subdivisions of Countries, he is now slowly putting the full data from the book on the website. I even got myself a used copy of his book some years ago.

The coverage of the Thai provinces and districts at statoids.com is somewhat incomplete. While he mentions the plans to create the Hua Hin province and the Nakhon Suvarnabhumi special area, which are now probably already shelved and won't get implemented anymore, the change history of the provinces is rather incomplete. This is not surprising, as I haven't learned about the abolishments of e.g. Nakhon Nayok in the 1940s until quite recently as it is rarely ever found in English sources. On the other hand he lists the merge on Phra Nakhon and Thonburi to Bangkok twice, and adds a different romanization of Pathum Thani as a rename. Also, the districts list lacks Wiang Kao created in 2006 - I found out about that district half year after its creation, also quite late.

I contacted Gwillim Law some years ago, notifying him about an error on the districts page (a wrong population number), and it took him very long to answer, and even longer to update that single number. I can imagine that he is very busy with keeping his website up-to-date, and when I consider the time I invest on the Thai subdivisions alone I can hardly believe a single human can keep up with more than 200 countries even in a full-time work.

English terms for Thai administrative entities

Already mentioned earlier, the Department of Provincial Administration (DOPA) has published some recommended translations, but only for the central administrative entities (Changwat, Amphoe, Tambon and Muban). However the local administrative entities - the three thesaban levels, or the Tambon administrative organizations are not mentioned.

By some random googeling, I came across a list of Thai terms with their English translation at the Prince Damrongrajanubhab Institute of Research and Development. I don't know if this list is officially endorsed, but at least it's a first source which gives translations for the local administrative entities. The translation of thesaban nakhon as city and thesaban mueang as town is rather logical, and the one for thesaban tambon as subdistrict municipality fits the DOPA recommendation to translate tambon as subdistrict. Accordingly the องค์การบริหารส่วนตำบล are translated as subdistrict administrative organizations, abbreviated SAO. However I usually found those referred as Tambon administrative organizations (TAO), which I also used in the district articles on Wikipedia. And I also choosed township instead of subdistrict municipality, so if I can confirm these translation I'd have to edit nearly 1000 Wikipedia articles again. Maybe I should finally look into how to use a bot for such mass-changes.

Administration of Siam 1904, Part 2

The second part of the section Administration, Chapter II (The Government) of the book "The Kingdom of Siam 1904", Pages 13 to 15.

Each province is again subdivided into districts under the district officer (Amphur), who is assisted by one or more assistant amphurs according to the extent of the district, and by a subordinate revenue officer.

The district is again divided into villages under a village headman, and the villages are subdivided into hamlets under an elder.

A hamlet is a collection of about ten houses or one hundred people, who elect their own elder under the presidency of the district officer. The ballot may be either open or secret and a bare majority is sufficient. The duties of the elder are to report any cases of crime to the headman and to preserve a register of people in his hamlet, to summon the people in cases of flood or fire, and to assist in arresting criminals. All the inhabitants are bound under penalties to assist their elders in the execution of the law when called on.

A village consists of ten hamlets. The headman is elected by the council of elders and receives confirmation from the governor of the province.

His duties are to supervise the elders and to in-form them of any new government regulation, to provide transport and assistance for persons travel-ling on government business, which must, however, be paid for by such persons, the headman having no power to requisition either goods or labor without proper payment.

The district is composed of villages the total number of whose inhabitants is not less than ten thousand people.

The district officer or amphur is selected from among the assistant district officers or householders of the district. The governor of the province sends three or more names to the high commissioner, who selects one of them. He chooses his own assistants, but their appointment must be approved of by the governor and confirmed by the high commissioner.

All other appointments are made by the Ministry of the Interior. District officers, headmen, and elders must be Siamese subjects resident in their districts and take the oaths of allegiance twice a year according to their own form of religion. There is no religious disability.

One most important feature of the administration is the meeting of high commissioners, who assemble once a year at the capital under the presidency of the minister to discuss and draw up the programme for the following year and report on the past year's work.

Under the Ministry of the Interior are also the Forest Department and the Mining Department; under the Ministry of Agriculture are the Survey, Land Record, and Irrigation Departments.

Administration of Siam 1904, Part 1

The first part of the section Administration, Chapter II (The Government) of the book "The Kingdom of Siam 1904", Pages 11 to 13.

However it seems I was a it to hasty to declare the book to be in Public Domain already. At least one of the named authors, William Armstrong (W.A.) Graham lived till 1949, so it will take till 2020 that the 70 years after his death are reached. But quoting this section, which has no named author and was probably written by the editor Cecil Carter himself, should no be any problem.

The administration of the country was formerly divided between the three Ministers, the Minister for Civil Affairs and the Minister for Military Affairs, with the Minister of the Treasury as Governor-General.

But in 1894 the internal administration was reorganized and the whole of the country placed under the administration of the Ministry of the Interior (Mahathai) with the exception of the capital and surrounding provinces, which is administered by the Ministry of Local Government.
At the head of the Interior Administration is the Minister appointed by the King with a seat in the Cabinet; he is assisted by a Vice-Minister, who, however, holds no seat in the Cabinet.
The ancient provinces, whilst retaining their boundaries, are now grouped together into Monthons or Circles under High Commissioners, who are appointed by the King, but act under the orders of the Ministry of the Interior.

The administrative staff of a monthon comprises

The High Commissioner or Governor-General.
The Deputy Commissioner or Deputy Governor-General.
The Chief Law Officer.
The Assistant Commissioner.
The Chief Revenue Officer.
The Commandant of the Gendarmerie.
The Chief Treasury Officer.
The Chief Public Works Officer.
The Inspector of Jails.
The Secretary of the High Commissioner.
The Assistant Inspectors.

The administration of each province comprises

The Governor.
The Deputy Governor.
The Public Prosecutor.
The Treasury Officer.
The Revenue Officer.
The Gendarmerie Officer.

Digest of administrative changes in 2007 - Supplement

There was one announcement issued after I prepared the digest for 2007, so I couldn't include it then. Already effective April 5 2007, the Thesaban Tambon Mueang Det in Ubon Ratchathani Province was upgraded to a Thesaban Mueang ( Royal Gazette, Volume 124, Issue พิเศษ 205 ง, Page 8, issued December 28).